Culture
This article is dedicated to ten significant people who, undoubtedly, left a huge mark in the lives of many people on this planet. Perhaps the proposed choice will seem rather one-sided to some, but this is not surprising, since all significant personalities discussed in this article are considered as such in the opinion of Americans. In other words, one can dispute the fact that not a single Russian person was included in this list, but one cannot but agree that all the people presented on this list had a huge impact (including negative) on many areas of life of various people on our planet.
10. Bill Gates
It is known that Bill Gates, who was born in 1955, created his first computer program while still a student high school. The well-known company Microsoft Corporation, one of the founders of which is Bill Gates, appeared in 1975, and 18 years later, in 1993, Gates was officially declared the richest man on Earth. Despite the far-from-ambiguous attitude towards the products offered by the Gates Corporation, it cannot be denied that this man not only made a real revolution in computer software, but also did many good and useful things. For example, Bill, with his own money, founded several of the largest charitable foundations pursuing good causes around the world (for example, the fight against polio, and so on).
9. Martin Luther King (1929-1968)
Despite the fact that Martin Luther King was an American citizen who actively fought for the rights of black residents and against racial discrimination and racism, this man became known far beyond the borders of the United States of America. He was a real ideological fighter who was inspired by his spiritual mentor and fighter for Indian independence, Mahatma Gandhi. Despite the extremely pressing problem of racial discrimination against the black population in the United States, King always advocated peaceful methods of resolving the issue, while being an unsurpassed orator. In 1964, King was awarded Nobel Prize peace. And, despite the fact that King was assassinated in 1968, he is still remembered because, according to many, to this person managed to achieve the impossible by forcing the white population of America to listen to and respect the opinions of the black population.
8. Nelson Mandela
Another equally famous human rights activist who devoted his life to fierce opposition to apartheid - the policy of racial suppression of certain groups of the population in South Africa, under which black people did not even have the right to vote - was Nelson Mandela, born in 1918. For his tough, uncompromising stance in the fight against the racist government Mandela was arrested in 1964. The future president of the Republic of South Africa emerged from prison only 26 years later, and was almost immediately elected leader of the state. In 1993, Nelson Mandela also received the Nobel Peace Prize for his services in the fight against apartheid.
7. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
The German leader, who came to power in 1933, undoubtedly left not only one of the most significant marks in the history of mankind, but also the bloodiest and most destructive mark. Fierce hatred of Jews, exaggerated ideas about the right to advantage Aryan race on our planet, as well as manic commitment to one’s ideas- all this led to the death of tens of millions of people in Eastern Europe. And although Adolf Hitler’s diabolical plans were not destined to come true, this man is unlikely to be erased from people’s memory (as well as many other dictators).
6. Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
Einstein, who is rightfully considered the greatest physicist of all time, has become a true symbol of genius. When Albert Einstein managed in 1919 to prove one of his most significant work- the general theory of relativity - scientists around the world recognized the genius of this man, as a result of which he was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physics in 1921. Unfortunately, despite the fact that Einstein was an undoubted pacifist, his scientific research later helped other researchers create an atomic bomb. Einstein was so burdened by this fact that a week before his death, in a letter addressed to Bertrand Russell, a British philosopher and ardent supporter of nuclear disarmament, he declared his readiness to sign an appeal to all countries calling on them to abandon the use of atomic energy in warfare. purposes.
5. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
Mahatma Gandhi, spiritual leader Indian people and a fighter for the independence of this country from Great Britain, began his career as an ordinary lawyer, only then taking up political issues. He led a peaceful civil disobedience movement against the British regime in India, and conducted active negotiations with the leaders of Foggy Albion until 1947 when his country gained independence. In fact, Gandhi became the true embodiment of independence for all Indians for all time! Mahatma Gandhi is also known for his humble way of life and calls for religious tolerance, which undoubtedly only contributed to the strengthening people's love and the people's faith in their leader.
4. Karl Marx (1818-1883)
It can be said without exaggeration that the ideas of the German thinker Karl Marx in the field of economics and sociology changed the world. Marx was one of those social philosophers, who were dissatisfied with the bourgeois structure of the world, predicting social equality for everyone in the future. Of course, many of us know Marx primarily for his monumental work called Capital, but he became famous for his work written together with Friedrich Engels, another German philosopher, with a work entitled “Manifesto of the Communist Party” (this is where the famous phrase “A ghost is haunting Europe - the ghost of communism” came from). As you know, it was the ideas of Karl Marx that inspired Russian revolutionaries and communists. In 1950, already half of the inhabitants of our planet lived in countries where the communist regime ruled!
3. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
There is probably no need to explain to anyone that it was Charles Darwin who became the founder modern theory evolution. Of course, it didn’t all start right away. Darwin's first thoughts on this topic began to form during the period when he went to trip around the world as a naturalist on a Royal Navy vessel called the Beagle (1831-1836). And Darwin devoted the rest of his life to the development of these ideas. Main work his life, published in 1859 - "The Origin of Species" - caused a harsh reaction conservative society. And this is not surprising: in fact, Darwin openly opposed the Bible and the version of the divine creation of the surrounding world, replacing it with the theory of the evolutionary development of all living beings. It was then that humanity first had to try to comprehend the fact that the direct ancestors of humans were apes (according to Darwin).
2. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
The appearance of William Shakespeare on this list is the most significant people in human history is not accidental. In fact, Shakespeare has been overwhelmingly voted the greatest English-language playwright in human history. Considering that this top ten was compiled according to the opinions of Americans, this choice is not surprising. But no matter what they say evil tongues, Shakespeare, as a writer, had a huge influence on the whole world dramaturgy
. He started as an ordinary actor, and eventually wrote 154 poems and 37 plays, among which the most famous were “Hamlet”, “King Lear”, “Romeo and Juliet”, “Macbeth” and so on. The influence of William Shakespeare was so great that thanks to his work, English language was replenished with more than 1,700 new words.
1. Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
It would probably be surprising if the list of the most significant people in the world, compiled by the Americans, did not include Christopher Columbus, one of the most famous travelers and discoverers. After all, it is believed that it was precisely thanks to his search for the coast of the so-called Western India that European settlers discovered two continents, which were later called America (and hardly anyone will dare to challenge America’s influence on the whole world). Among other things, Christopher Columbus became famous as a talented navigator. It is believed that of all the reliably known travelers, it was he who was the first to cross the Atlantic Ocean, sailed in the Caribbean Sea and generally gave Europe a whole new world.
Among famous people planets - scientists, talented directors, historical figures, politicians and unsurpassed actors. They are known in many countries. There is debate about the name of the most famous person in the world.
The most famous scientists
Scientists and outstanding scientific figures make significant contributions to science. In every field of science there are a number of especially honored, famous scientists. For example, speaking about psychology, one cannot help but recall Sigmund Freud, who was the first to bring together in practice such concepts as treatment and research. For the first time, he was able to explain human behavior in psychological terms. It was from his principles and conclusions that a comprehensive observational theory of personality was born.Another famous psychologist is Carl Jung. While studying at the university, he specialized in psychiatry. His psychology has many followers not only among doctors, but also among philosophers.
The American physicist who first created the atomic bomb is Robert Oppenheimer. When creating it, he did not imagine that he would soon witness a considerable number of victims caused by it in Nagasaki and Hiroshima. He is considered not only the “father of the atomic bomb,” but also the discoverer of black holes in our Universe.
An outstanding design engineer whose dream was to conquer space, Sergei Korolev was the first on Earth to launch satellites, spaceships, and scientific stations into orbit around the planet. A significant biologist, thanks to whom the world learned about penicillin, is Alexander Fleming. He also owned the discovery of lysocism (or antibacterial enzyme). His discoveries are among the most important made by scientists in the twentieth century.
Andrei Kolmogorov is recognized as the most prominent mathematician of the last century. He stood at the origins of the creation of probability theory, being one of its founders. He was also able to obtain fundamental results in many areas of mathematics.
One of the most prominent chemists is Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. His greatest contribution to this science is considered to be the theory of combustion phenomena. Another chemist, Mikhail Lomonosov, is recognized as the creator of such a direction in science as physical chemistry. Like Lavoisier, almost at the same time, he derived the law of conservation of mass of matter.
Most likely, there is no person who does not know anything about Albert Einstein. This physicist developed a number of physical theories and wrote almost three hundred scientific works, he is the founder of modern theoretical physics.
The list of the most famous scientists could be continued. It is quite difficult to choose among the outstanding, the most significant and those whose contribution to the development of science is greatest.
Popular actors and directors
Talking about the world of cinema and famous actors, the image of Charlie Chaplin always comes up. The image of an intellectual tramp he invented pleased the audience and made the actor a favorite of the public. He acted in silent films and managed to play in eighty films. 
Film lovers will name Gerard Depardieu, Johnny Depp, Al Pacino, Marlon Brando, Sean Connery and Robert De Niro among the most talented and famous actors in the world. List the most popular actors will not do without such personalities as Anthony Hopkins, Humphrey Bogarde and Jean Paul Belmondo.
Most famous Russian actors Mikhail Boyarsky and Oleg Tabakov, Vakhtang Kikabidze and Leonid Yarmolnik, Vladimir Mashkov and Evgeny Mironov, Nikita Mikhalkov and Vyacheslav Tikhonov, as well as many others, are recognized.
Speaking about Western cinema, one cannot help but recall the names of such directors as Emir Kusturica, Quentin Tarantino, James Cameron and Luc Besson. The films he made are loved in many parts of the world. Many thrillers, considered the standard, were shot by Alfred Hitchcock. This director is called nothing less than the “Master of Horror.”
Federico Fellini's films captivate the viewer with their special charming simplicity. Another famous film director is Steven Spielberg. It is recognized as the most successful and highest-grossing film in the history of cinema.
Soviet people appreciate and love the works of Stanislav Govorukhin, Vladimir Menshov, Nikita Mikhalkov, Sergei Solovyov, Andrei Konchalovsky. Modern Russian cinema is represented by films by such masters as Fyodor Bondarchuk, Valeria Gai Germanika, Svetlana Druzhinina, Timur Bekmambetov and others.
Famous politicians and historical figures
There are historical figures and politicians who influenced the course of history or left a noticeable mark on it. One of these people is Mao Zedong, Vladimir Lenin, Karl Marx. Adolf Hitler, who started terrible war, brought people a lot of suffering.Franklin Roosevelt is considered the political star of America; it was he who came up with the idea of creating the UN. The USSR became a superpower under Joseph Stalin. He led the country when it defeated Hitler. The website has an interesting article about Adolf Hitler and other most terrible people in history.
An outstanding British politician who served as Prime Minister of the country is Winston Churchill. He made history not only for Britain, but for all of Europe.
One cannot help but mention Napoleon Bonaparte. In the nineteenth century, thanks to this man, France became a superpower. He is rightly called a state and military genius. In Russia, Peter the Great did a lot for its development and prosperity. He wanted life in home country became similar to life in Europe; in addition, he sought to expand borders and create a powerful fleet.
The most famous person in the world
There are many opinions and many disputes about who is the most famous person in the world, because of this it is impossible to give a definite answer to this question. Many people consider Jesus Christ to be such a person. 
He takes central place in Christianity, due to the fact that it is considered as the messiah predicted in Old Testament. People know him as an atoning sacrifice, as a person who accepted torment for the sins of people. Jesus is written about not only in the Gospel, but also in other books of the New Testament. According to theologians and religious scholars, this is a real historical figure.
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The names of some people - representatives of a wide variety of professions and activities - are associated in our minds with incredible fame and success. We call them first if we are asked to answer the question of who is the most famous, influential person in economics, art, politics, etc. The most famous people in the world - this list is not subject to final compilation, because each of us has our own priorities and views on life. However, you can't argue with some people's fame.
The most famous people in art
Chaplin
At the dawn of cinema, Charlie Chaplin became its superstar. The comedian's career spanned a total of 80 years.
Chaplin was the founder of his own film studio, a theater and silent film star, one of the creative pillars of silent cinema, the developer of most of the tricks and comic techniques filming and witness the change from the silent era to the sound era. Chaplin twice received an out-of-competition Oscar, and in 1973 the Film Academy posthumously awarded him another statuette with the wording “For making cinema an art.”
Everyone knows the image of Chaplin - a clumsy eccentric in a bowler hat and with a painted mustache. It’s hard to believe that he was completely different without makeup.
Disney
Walt Disney is a cult figure like Chaplin, only in animation. As an animation director, Disney himself directed 111 films and produced more than 500 more. It is impossible to imagine childhood without “Snow White”, “Bambi”, “Sleeping Beauty”, these films are so bright, they are so light and kind.
Today the earnings of the studio “The Walt” Disney Company"exceed $30 billion a year, but before founding the studio, Disney received more than 300 refusals, because animation was considered a hopeless area of investment.
Wald Disney and the brainchildren of his employees - Mickey, Donald and Goofy
Monroe
Marilyn Monroe is an actress, a sex symbol of the era, a woman whose name everyone puts in their personal list of the most interesting, beautiful and mysterious women.
Having entered the film studio as an extra, Monroe made a dizzying career and became the highest paid actress from 1950 until the end of the century. Her films had grossed $200 million by the time she died suddenly in 1962. The legendary blonde acquired condescension towards her own fame and contempt for money, repeating that kisses in Hollywood cost millions, but a soul costs 50 cents.
Most Famous Artist
Vincent Van Gogh is an artist whose influence throughout world culture was only appreciated after his death. During his lifetime, Van Gogh sold only one painting, and the room where he painted was so cold that he was sometimes forced to light the stove with his paintings.
Van Gogh's 800 paintings, which were ahead of their time in terms of art development, became examples of post-impressionism. The artist spent his whole life trying to copy the child’s style of drawing, and eventually created sincere, spontaneous paintings, the most expensive of which today costs almost $150 million.
Self-portrait of Van Gogh
Politician
Unconditionally, the palm in politics should be awarded to the most famous dictator, Adolf Hitler, whose name is involuntarily associated with world evil.
A very talented artist and a good musician could have lived a life completely far from politics, but in his youth he became interested in the political views of nationalists and anti-Semites.
Based on his belief in the special mission of the German nation, Hitler built his own empire and became its head in 1934. Hitler began to take over all of Europe and launched the largest and bloodiest war in human history - World War II. Hitler's main political postulates are reflected in the book Mein Kampf, which became the program document of the Nationalist Party.
The most famous athlete
Michael Jordan is an American basketball player, NBA player, who instilled a love of basketball in most modern athletes. Jordan is not the tallest or the most gifted, but he is the most ambitious and persistent athlete. Expelled from the school basketball league, the young athlete was able to achieve the status of a basketball superstar and, through many years of training, developed a unique style of play.
He is known for ending his sports career and returning three times: the first time at the end of the 1992 Olympics due to moral and physical exhaustion (returned to the NBA in 1995); the second break was in 1999-2001; Jordan returned to professional sports for the third time in September 2001, wanting to transfer all the fees he received to a fund to help victims of the terrorist attack in the United States.
Jordan's accomplishments barely fit on the marble plaque at the United Center.
At times, Jordan played with his tongue involuntarily sticking out, saying that this habit was “in the family”, from his father and older brother, and was an expression of complete passion and concentration on the game.
Literary creativity
They say that a writer must be hungry in order not to relax and create. Perhaps, in this regard, in the “literature” section it is appropriate to mention the name of the writer JK Rowling as a woman recognized as a genius and the highest paid children’s writer. It's hard to believe that the most popular hero Harry Potter might not see either readers or audiences in movie theaters.
The first book about Harry Potter was rejected by more than 10 publishers, but today the image of the young wizard has turned into a brand, and its creator has become the world's first billionaire writer.
Science
A prominent figure in science, whose scientific research turned the world upside down, is Albert Einstein. The achievements of the theoretical physicist were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921, and to this day Einstein’s theories about the structure of the universe have not been challenged or supplemented.
Einstein foresaw several major breakthroughs in physics, including the still unrealized possibility of quantum teleportation.
Media
The most famous media person can be considered the American TV presenter and journalist Oprah Winfrey. The personification of a modern talk show and synonymous with a show journalist, the most influential woman for American women, the first black female billionaire, media mogul with her own studio, publication, and broadcast is Winfrey.
She went through a difficult journey from a teenage girl who gave birth at 13, to the youngest, 17-year-old television reporter and the first black reporter in the state of Nashville, to her own show, which brought her worldwide fame.
The most famous people in the world - they all went through a difficult path, full of failures and hard work, proving by personal example that luck alone is not enough to win and you need to move forward, despite the lack of money, strength, support, even the very desire to live. Their examples inspire or, on the contrary, serve as anti-examples, but the names famous artists, writers, leaders will be a symbol of the era for a long time.
Our century has come quite recently, and therefore we cannot yet say who exactly are the outstanding personalities of Russia in the 21st century. However, an analysis of the past will give us the opportunity to understand what truly great things we can expect from Slavic blood. After all, as we know, whoever knows the past knows the future.
Sergey Yesenin
A contemporary of Mayakovsky and his complete opposite as an author. A subtle and soulful lyricist, who at the same time managed to remain an eternal hooligan and teenager. He raised themes of the individual’s struggle with the environment, love for nature and, of course, for women.
Vladimir Vysotsky
Bard, author of many songs and poems. The Greatest Poet His hoarse voice as if his voice had failed under the legacy that all the outstanding personalities of Russia of the 20th century left him. He raised themes of the internal and external struggle of man, his place in society and in the world in general. Subtle satirist.
Bulat Okudzhava
Also a poet who independently performed his poems in the form of songs. Touching and honest, he wrote poems filled with some kind of cosmic thoughtfulness. He often used metaphors, creating deep images with them. His songs had a parable form, which was once even (good-naturedly) parodied by Vysotsky.
Filmmakers
Lev Kuleshov
Thanks to him, outstanding personalities of Russia began to appear in cinema. The discoverer of the “Kuleshov effect” - “two frames that are independent in meaning, glued together, create a new meaning.” In fact, the founder of the montage story.
The first person in Russia to use color in cinema was the red flag in the same “Battleship Potemkin”.
Mikhail Romm
Director of documentaries (“Ordinary Fascism”) and feature films (“Nine Days of One Year”). One of the most important film theorists of the mid-20th century. Teacher at VGIK and author of many scientific works.
Andrei Tarkovsky
A man who manages to film a true art house in the USSR. His feeds are filled with personal meanings, full of metaphors and subtle hints. He directed “Solaris” and “Stalker”, most often making his works into sort of parables and allegories.
Artists
Andrey Rublev
Modern outstanding personalities of Russia among artists would be impossible without the man who laid the foundation of Russian painting.
Each of his paintings is like a photograph taken during the culmination of the event that he was trying to capture. His paintings are endlessly alive and cannot always reveal their true meaning at first sight. The main thing in Repin is the emotions of the characters and details.
Kazimir Malevich
The great modernist is known as the author of the now household name “Black Square”. He was busy searching for new forms and ways of expressing color in painting. His paintings are full of abstractions and geometric shapes, attempts to invent something new in his art. I tried to find “absolute peace” in the paintings.
Composers
Pyotr Tchaikovsky
One of the first Russian professional composers, Tchaikovsky made music a true craft (in in a good way this word). He was a man who simply could not help but write music.
The extremely diverse themes raised in all possible genres make Pyotr Ilyich a composer capable of reaching the heart of every person. His most famous works are the ballets “The Nutcracker” and “Swan Lake”.
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
He believed that the main purpose of music is to unite the listener with true nature world, which can only be expressed in a similar, melodic form.
Dmitry Shostakovich
Composer with difficult fate, who initially worked in the style of modernism and actively experimented in all genres. However, Lady Macbeth Mtsensk district“Stalin personally did not like it, and then brutal repressions followed.
To save himself and his family, Shostakovich had to create in a purely “state” manner. However, his music really proves that even a simple listener can hear the subtext intended by the composer. Everyone then understood the many subtle moods and meanings that he put into symphonies No. 5 and No. 7.
Scientists
Mikhail Lomonosov
The first Russian encyclopedist, “a man of all sciences.” He brought Russian research to the level of Europe. He made many discoveries in almost every modern science.
As an academician and one of the most active personalities of his time, he was an icon for the Russian Enlightenment.
Dmitry Mendeleev
A Russian chemist who has already become legendary, who managed to create the periodic system of chemical elements, which significantly pushed world science forward.
The existence of such a table clearly proves the harmony of nature and its clear system.
One of the greatest discoveries on which, in fact, all modern natural science rests, belongs to him. He also worked in other sciences, where he also made various discoveries.
Ivan Pavlov
First Nobel laureate from Russia. Pavlov made a major discovery in biology and physiology - it was he who discovered the presence of reflexes in the body of living beings. And it was this Russian scientist who divided them into conditional and unconditional.
Pavlov devoted his entire life to this discovery, and even when dying, he continued to dictate his feelings to his students - so that science could better understand the state of death.
Athletes
Ivan Poddubny
Legendary Russian wrestler, “hero of the 20th century.” In ten years I haven’t lost even once. He became a wrestling champion five times.
Garry Kasparov
Chess player with many awards, “Chess Oscars” and the title of world champion. He became famous for his extremely successful combination of various tactics and strategies and his ability to emerge victorious from a seemingly completely failed game.
“Kasparov's Openings” is the current name for unexpected and non-standard moves at the beginning of a game.
Lev Yashin
Soviet goalkeeper, famous for his absolute “impenetrability”. Considered the best goalkeeper of the 20th century. Repeatedly recognized as the best goalkeeper of the USSR. Winner of the Golden Ball.
Conclusion
As we see, outstanding personalities in the history of Russia have become extremely significant for all of humanity. Chekhov can easily be called the best playwright in the world, and Mendeleev the greatest chemist. All these people are important not only for Russia, but also for every area in which they became famous.
We can only hope that the outstanding personalities of Russia of the 21st century will, just like their predecessors, mean something for the whole world, and not just for their homeland.
The Russian Federation is a great state, occupying first place on the planet in terms of territory and national wealth. However, its main pride is its outstanding citizens who have left a noticeable mark on history. Our country has raised huge amount famous scientists, politicians, generals, athletes and artists of world renown. Their achievements allowed Russia to occupy one of the leading positions in the list of superpowers on the planet.
Rating
Who are they, outstanding citizens of Russia? The list can be continued endlessly, because every period in the history of our Fatherland has its great people who became famous in different fields of activity. Among the most prominent personalities who, to one degree or another, influenced the course of both Russian and world history, it is worth mentioning the following:
- Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky.
- Peter the Great.
- Alexander Suvorov.
- Mikhail Lomonosov.
- Dmitry Mendeleev.
- Yuri Gagarin.
- Andrey Sakharov.
Minin and Pozharsky
The outstanding citizen of Russia Kuzma Minin and his equally famous contemporary Prince Dmitry Pozharsky went down in history as the liberators of Russian lands from Polish invaders. IN early XVII century began in the Russian state Time of Troubles. The crisis, which engulfed many areas of life, was aggravated by the presence of impostors on the capital’s throne. In Moscow, Smolensk and a number of other cities, the Polish gentry ruled in full swing, and the western borders of the country were occupied by Swedish troops.
In order to drive out foreign invaders from Russian lands and liberate the country, the clergy called on the population to create a people's militia and liberate the capital from the Poles. The Novgorod zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin (Sukhoruk), who, although not of noble origin, responded to the call, but was a true patriot of his Motherland. For short time he managed to gather an army from the inhabitants Nizhny Novgorod. Prince Dmitry Pozharsky from the Rurik family agreed to head it.
Gradually, residents of surrounding cities, dissatisfied with the dominance of the Polish gentry in Moscow, began to join the people's militia of Nizhny Novgorod. By the fall of 1612, the army of Minin and Pozharsky numbered about 10 thousand people. At the beginning of November 1612, the Nizhny Novgorod militia managed to expel the Poles from the capital and force them to sign an act of surrender. The successful operation was made possible thanks to the skillful actions of Minin and Pozharsky. In 1818, the memory of the heroic liberators of Moscow was immortalized by the sculptor I. Martos in a monument erected on Red Square.
Peter the Great
The significance of the reign of Peter I, nicknamed the Great State for his services to the state, is difficult to overestimate. An outstanding citizen of Russia, Peter the Great was on the throne for 43 years, coming to power at the age of 17. He turned the country into the greatest empire, founded the city of Petersburg on the Neva and moved the capital to it from Moscow, carried out a number of successful military campaigns, thanks to which he significantly expanded the borders of the state. Peter the Great began to trade with Europe, founded the Academy of Sciences, opened many educational institutions, introduced compulsory study foreign languages, forced representatives of the noble classes to wear secular attire.
The significance of the reign of Peter I for Russia
The sovereign's reforms strengthened the economy and science, contributed to the development of the army and navy. His successful domestic and foreign policies became the basis for the further growth and development of the state. Voltaire highly appreciated the internal transformations of Russia in Peter's times. He wrote that the Russian people managed to achieve in half a century what other nations could not achieve in 500 years of their existence.
A. V. Suvorov
The most outstanding citizen of Russia in the second half of the 18th century is, of course, the great commander, Generalissimo of the Russian land and naval forces, Alexander Suvorov. This talented military leader fought more than 60 major battles and was not defeated in any of them. The army under the command of Suvorov managed to win even in cases where the enemy forces significantly outnumbered it. The commander took part in the Russian-Turkish wars of 1768-1774 and 1787-1791, brilliantly commanded Russian troops during the storming of Prague in 1794, and in the last years of his life he led the Italian and Swiss campaigns.
In battles, Suvorov used combat tactics that he personally developed, which were significantly ahead of their time. He did not recognize military drill and instilled in his soldiers a love for the Fatherland, considering it the key to victory in any battle. The legendary commander made sure that during military campaigns his army was provided with everything necessary. He heroically shared all the hardships with the soldiers, thanks to which he enjoyed great authority and respect among them. For his victories, Suvorov was awarded all the awards that existed in his time. Russian Empire high military awards. In addition, he was a holder of seven foreign orders.
M. V. Lomonosov
Outstanding citizens of Russia glorified their country not only in the art of statecraft or military tactics. Mikhail Lomonosov belongs to the cohort of the greatest Russian scientists who made a huge contribution to the development of world science. Born into a poor family and unable to receive a decent education, he early childhood He was highly intelligent and thirsty for knowledge. Lomonosov's desire for science was so strong that at the age of 19 he left his village, walked to Moscow and entered the Slavic-Greco-Roman Academy. This was followed by studies at St. Petersburg University at the Academy of Sciences. To improve knowledge on natural sciences Mikhail was sent to Europe. At 34, the young scientist became an academician.
Without exaggeration, Lomonosov can be considered a universal person. He had brilliant knowledge of chemistry, physics, geography, astronomy, geology, metallurgy, history, and genealogy. In addition, the scientist was an excellent poet, writer and artist. Lomonosov made many discoveries in physics, chemistry and astronomy, and became the founder of the science of glass. He owns the project for the creation of Moscow University, which was later named after him.
D. I. Mendeleev
The world-famous chemist Dmitry Mendeleev is the pride of Russia. Having been born in Tobolsk in the family of a gymnasium director, he had no barriers to receiving an education. At the age of 21, young Mendeleev graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute with a gold medal. A few months later, he defended his dissertation for the right to lecture and began teaching practice. At the age of 23, Mendeleev was awarded a master's degree in chemistry. From this age he began teaching at the Imperial University of St. Petersburg. At the age of 31 he became a professor of chemical technology, and after 2 years - a professor of general chemistry.
Worldwide fame of the great chemist
In 1869, at the age of 35, Dmitry Mendeleev made a discovery that made him famous throughout the world. We are talking about the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. It became the basis for all modern chemistry. Attempts to systematize elements by properties and atomic weight were made before Mendeleev, but he was the first who managed to clearly formulate the pattern existing between them.
The periodic table is not the only achievement of the scientist. He wrote many fundamental works on chemistry and initiated the creation of the Chamber of Weights and Measures in St. Petersburg. D. I. Mendeleev was a holder of eight honorary orders of the Russian Empire and foreign countries. He was awarded a doctorate from the Turin Academy of Sciences, Oxford, Cambridge, Priston, Edinburgh and Göttingen universities. Mendeleev's scientific authority was so high that he was nominated for the Nobel Prize three times. Unfortunately, the winners of this prestigious international award were different scientists each time. However this fact does not in any way diminish the merits of the famous chemist to the Fatherland.
Yu. A. Gagarin
Yuri Gagarin - an outstanding citizen of Russia Soviet era. On April 12, 1961, on the Vostok-1 spacecraft, he flew into space for the first time in the history of mankind. After spending 108 minutes in Earth's orbit, the cosmonaut returned to the planet as a hero international scale. Even world movie stars could envy Gagarin’s popularity. He made official visits to more than 30 foreign countries and traveled throughout the USSR.
Outstanding Russian citizen Yuri Gagarin was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union and the highest insignia of many countries. He was preparing for a new space flight, but a plane crash that happened in March 1968 during Vladimir region, tragically cut his life short. Having lived only 34 years, Gagarin became one of the greatest people of the 20th century. Streets and squares in all major cities of Russia and the CIS countries are named after him, and monuments to him have been erected in many foreign countries. In honor of Yuri Gagarin's flight, International Cosmonautics Day is celebrated all over the world on April 12.
A. D. Sakharov
In addition to Gagarin, there were many other outstanding Russian citizens in the Soviet Union. The USSR became famous throughout the world thanks to academician Andrei Sakharov, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of physics. In 1949, together with Yu. Khariton, he developed a project for a hydrogen bomb - the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon. In addition, Sakharov conducted a lot of research on magnetic hydrodynamics, gravity, astrophysics, and plasma physics. In the mid-70s, he predicted the emergence of the Internet. In 1975, the academician was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
In addition to science, Sakharov was engaged in active human rights activities, for which he fell out of favor with the Soviet leadership. In 1980, he was stripped of all titles and highest awards, after which he was deported from Moscow to Gorky. After the start of Perestroika, Sakharov was allowed to return to the capital. Recent years Throughout his life, he continued to engage in scientific activities, and was also elected as a deputy of the Supreme Council. In 1989, the scientist worked on a draft of a new Soviet constitution, which proclaimed the right of peoples to statehood, however sudden death did not allow him to complete the work he started.
Outstanding citizens of Russia of the 21st century
Today in our country there live a huge number of people who glorify it in politics, science, art and other fields of activity. The most famous scientists of our time are physicists Mikhail Allenov and Valery Rachkov, urbanist Denis Vizgalov, historian Vyacheslav Vorobyov, economist Nadezhda Kosareva, etc. To outstanding figures art XXI century can be attributed to artists Ilya Glazunov and Alena Azernaya, conductors Valery Gergiev and Yuri Bashmet, opera singers Dmitry Hvorostovsky and Anna Netrebko, actors Sergei Bezrukov and Konstantin Khabensky, directors Nikita Mikhalkov and Timur Bekmambetov and others. Well, the most outstanding politician in Russia today is its President, Vladimir Putin.
